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占領期における看護制度改革の成果と限界 ー保健婦助産婦看護婦法の制定過程を通してー
https://doi.org/10.60171/00004907
https://doi.org/10.60171/00004907e48f00db-7fde-4b45-bc53-20ea7123f612
| 名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
|---|---|---|
hbgn2-1_11-27.pdf (1.7 MB)
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| Item type | 紀要論文 / Departmental Bulletin Paper(1) | |||||||||
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| 公開日 | 2023-05-29 | |||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||
| タイトル | 占領期における看護制度改革の成果と限界 ー保健婦助産婦看護婦法の制定過程を通してー | |||||||||
| 言語 | ja | |||||||||
| タイトル | ||||||||||
| タイトル | The success and limitations of nursing reforms in occupation era : throughtout the implementation and modifications of the Nursing Act | |||||||||
| 言語 | en | |||||||||
| 言語 | ||||||||||
| 言語 | jpn | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| 主題 | 看護制度 | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| 主題 | 占領期 | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| 主題 | 保健婦助産婦看護婦法 | |||||||||
| キーワード | ||||||||||
| 主題Scheme | Other | |||||||||
| 主題 | 看護行政 | |||||||||
| 資源タイプ | ||||||||||
| 資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||||||
| 資源タイプ | departmental bulletin paper | |||||||||
| ID登録 | ||||||||||
| ID登録 | 10.60171/00004907 | |||||||||
| ID登録タイプ | JaLC | |||||||||
| 著者 |
平岡, 敬子
× 平岡, 敬子
× Hiraoka, Keiko
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| 抄録 | ||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||||||
| 内容記述 | 本稿は,保健婦助産婦看護婦法の制定と改正の過程を通して,占領期の看護制度改革の成果と限界を明らかにしたものである。日本の看護制度はGHQの積極的な介入により,第二次大戦後,大きな変化を遂げた。保健婦助産婦看護婦法の制定,看護の行政組織の誕生,職能団体の設立など,看護教育の拡充と看護婦の職業的地位の向上をめざしたこれらの改革は,当時を生きた看護の指導者や看護史の専門家から高い評価を得ている。しかし一方で,現在も尚続く准看護婦問題のような制度内矛盾の起源もまた,占領期の看護制度改革の過程に見い出される。GHQのアメリカ人看護婦と日本の看護の指導者は,「保健師」あるいは「甲種看護婦」の制度を設けることで,専門職看護婦の地位を確立しようとした。しかし旧制度の看護婦は,新制度の看護婦が自分たちの地位を脅かすことを危惧し, 結果的に,自分たちが使いやすい看護婦の養成を望む医師とともには,看護の専門職化を阻む側に立ってしまった。また,戦後の混乱と看護婦不足の社会情勢もまた,専門職看護婦の確立を許さなかった。つまり,「質」よりも「量」が重視され,看護婦数を確保するという名目で准看護婦制度を誕生させた。占領期の看護制度改革は,一連の過程に登場するアクター間の利害の調整と対立に,当時の社会情勢が絡み合い,看護職が国家資格になる等の成果はあったものの,もともと制度改革のための土壌のないところでは, GHQの強権的介入にも限界があったといえよう。（英文抄録 : This article examines the success and limitations of nursing reforms made during the post-World War II era in Japan under the US occupation, which was brought about by the implementation and modifications of the Nursing Act (hokenhu zyosanpu kangohu hou). The nursing system in Japan was changed dramatically by the active intervention of the General Headquarters (GHQ) after World War II. This included establishment of The Nursing Act, which established an administrative system of nurses and a professional organization for nurses. These reforms, which were intended to enrich nursing education and to professionalize nursing status, have been acclaimed as invaluable by influential nurses who lived and witnessed these reforms and by expert nursing historians. On the other hand, some internal problems, which we continue to experience today including the existence of associate nurses (zyun kangohu), may have been created for nursing in Japan by these reforms of the nursing system of the post-war period. The American nurses in GHQ and the leaders of Japanese nursing attempted to establish the status of professional nurse by creating "hokenshi" and "koushu-kangohu." However, the majority of nurses from the previous nursing system, licensed before the end of WWII were threatened by the new developments and by the newly educated nurses. These nurses from the old system sided with the physicians who also desired to have control over the training of their own nurses and together they opposed this new movement of professionalization of the nurses. Post-war chaos in the society and the lack of nurses at that time also made the smooth transition into a new nursing system with a new group of highly trained nurses with professional status difficult. It was much more crucial at that time to secure a sufficient number of nurses than to be concerned with the quality of nursing. This social climate led to the emergence of the "associate nurses." In conclusion, despite some positive outcomes from the interventions made by GHQ including the establishment of national regulation of nursing certification, the reform of the nursing system in that era had limitations. These limitations, as noted above, may be attributed to the conflicting interests of those involved in the nursing system combined with the specific social conditions of that time. Without the society being ready even the most active intervention was bound to be limited.） | |||||||||
| 書誌情報 |
看護学統合研究 巻 2, 号 1, p. 11-27, 発行日 2000-09-25 |
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| 出版者 | ||||||||||
| 出版者 | 呉大学看護学部 | |||||||||
| ISSN | ||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | ISSN | |||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | 13460692 | |||||||||
| 書誌レコードID | ||||||||||
| 収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||||||
| 収録物識別子 | AA11499896 | |||||||||
| フォーマット | ||||||||||
| 内容記述タイプ | Other | |||||||||
| 内容記述 | application/pdf | |||||||||
| 著者版フラグ | ||||||||||
| 出版タイプ | VoR | |||||||||
| 出版タイプResource | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |||||||||
